出口商品结构竞争力国际比较——基于传统差别化与替代弹性视角的实证研究

本文在出口商品结构传统认识和分析的基础上，导入出口商品替代弹性，并用来计算、分析、比较世界贸易主要国家和地区的出口商品结构竞争力，从而得出中国出口商品多样性世界第一，但出口商品结构整体竞争力为世界第十三位。解决问题的路径是从产业技术R＆D入手，以自主创新实现出口商品结构高度化的领先能力。     

Vertical Integration and Market Foreclosure with Convex Downstream Costs

Received December 14, 2000; revised version received July 16, 2001     

运输成本、劳动力流动与制造业区域分布

近年来,中国制造业的区域发展不平衡,其中的重要影响因素是什么?本文通过构建经济地理的分析框架,分析了运输成本和劳动力流动在中国特有条件下的作用机制。运输成本差异形成了制造业在沿海地区的选址优势,而这一优势和目前的高劳动力流动成本一起,形成了沿海高成本压力而内地收入低下的新空间“二元”结构。同时,我们计算了区域经济的实际数据对这一机制进行印证,假如这一局面继续维持,它将妨碍沿海和内地产业分工与均衡发展。文章还认为,因为经济集中的趋势是内生的,所以平衡区域经济发展的政策取向应该是促进性而不是限制性的。     

Vertical Restraints and Market Access

This paper analyzes vertical restraints in relation to market access issues. In Section II we briefly review the recent three major trade conflicts between Japan and the USA in light of vertical restraints. In Section III we review the major policy lessons of the economics literature of vertical restraints, and analyze whether we need a special treatment for vertical restraints abroad for a market access reason. In Section IV we evaluate the policy options towards foreign foreclosure and suggest that nondiscriminatory application of foreign or home competition policy should be the mechanism to address such concern instead of trade policy actions such as voluntary import expansions.     

论养老基金平衡机制--基于辽宁试点模式对养老基金平衡的透视

我国处于转轨中的养老模式面临着人口老龄化和转轨成本的双重压力，为此，2001年7月开始在辽宁省进行社保改革试点。本将以试点模式为研究起点，并将养老基金平衡剖析为两个收支平衡：一是横向平衡，二是纵向平衡。就横向平衡而言，笔认为难关的突破在于强化政府的社会保险责任，而纵向平衡的难关在于基金收益率。为此，本提出一些拓展性的社保改革思路，并认为在此基础之上养老基金的平衡是可以实现的。     

Collectivist values for learning in organizational relationships in China: the role of trust and vertical coordination

Partners must engage in integrative interaction in order to combine diverse expertise and experiences into effective learning. Results from 103 pairs of customer and supplier organizations in China indicate that trust and vertical coordination are useful ways to characterize this integrative interaction and together they promote learning. Structural equation analysis suggests that collectivist but not individualist values are important foundations for integrative interaction between partners that result in learning. These findings were interpreted as reaffirming the value of effective relationships for coordination between partners and suggesting that collectivist values can be a source of effective organizational relationships.     

The evolution of inter-organisational social capital with foreign customers: Its direct and interactive effects on SMEs’ foreign performance

Taking a longitudinal approach, we analyze how the evolution of different dimensions of social capital between an SME (Small and Medium enterprise) and its key foreign customers directly influences the firm’s foreign performance growth. Moreover, we utilize a contingency approach by introducing two dyad-specific characteristics into the analysis: psychic and geographic interorganizational distances. Our findings contribute to the international business literature on social capital and suggest that while an investment in social capital with distant foreign customers always reinforces SMEs’ foreign performance development, relational and cognitive social capital have the same positive effects only for low levels of interorganizational psychic distance.     

Keiretsu centrality — profits and profit stability: A power dependence perspective

Prior studies compare keiretsu member firm and independent firm performance. Here, we use historical and power dependence perspectives to theorize that the Japanese keiretsu system primarily benefits the most central firms. We test this by examining the performance of two types of keiretsu firms (central firms and other member firms) within two types of keiretsu (horizontal and vertical). We hypothesize and find that: (1) central vertical keiretsu firms are more profitable than central horizontal keiretsu firms; (2) central horizontal keiretsu firms have greater profit stability than central vertical keiretsu firms; (3) central vertical keiretsu firms are more profitable than non-central vertical keiretsu firms; and (4) central horizontal keiretsu firms have greater profit stability than non-central horizontal keiretsu firms. Implications for managers and future research directions are discussed.     

Vertical separation of transmission control and market efficiency in the wholesale electricity market

This study examines how vertical separation of transmission control affects the wholesale market efficiency in the electric power industry. We analyze a unique regional electricity wholesale market in the U.S. where initially restructuring only occurred in the transmission sector. Following a commonly-used best dispatch model (Wolfram, 1999; Borenstein et al., 2002), we simulate competitive benchmark prices and compare with the best estimates available for actual prices to measure price-cost markups of the wholesale market. Empirical results demonstrate that the vertical separation of transmission control led to a significant increase in market markups in peak-load hours, documenting evidence of enhanced market power. Although we also find a reduction in the price-cost margin in low-demand hours, we reserve caution for this finding.     

智慧专业化视角下区域资源集聚与区域创新驱动发展

传统发展动力逐渐式微，创新驱动成为区域经济发展的新引擎。走创新驱动发展道路，需要新的经济理论解释、构建并指导各区域经济增长方式和发展模式转型。智慧专业化是一种新兴经济理论，能够较好解释区域创新驱动发展的内在动力。智慧专业化有效支撑区域资源集聚与区域创新驱动发展相关性研究，从资源内存性和外向性、资源技术和经济属性以及资源支持程度3个方面，论述区域创新驱动发展的动力来源与动力持续性，进而解释区域创新驱动发展资源集聚对区域创新驱动发展绩效的影响。